East Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Timur abbrv. Kaltim) is the second largest Indonesian province, located on the Kalimantan region on the east of Borneo island. The resource-rich province has two major cities, Samarinda (the capital and a center for timber product) and Balikpapan (a petroleum center with oil refinery). Ever since Indonesia opened its mineral and natural resources for foreign investment in 1970s, East Kalimantan province has experienced major boost of timber, petroleum and other exotic forest products. The state-owned petroleum company Pertamina has been operating in the area since it took control oil refinery from the Royal Dutch Shell company in 1965.The population is a mixture of people from the Indonesian archipelago with Dayaks and Kutai as indigenous ethnic groups living in rural areas. Other prominent migrant ethnic groups include Javanese, Chinese, Banjarese, Bugis and Malays, who mostly live in coastal areas.
History
This province is the location of the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, Kutai, the existence of which is attested to by a stone manuscript, or Prasasti, which is now kept in the National Museum in Jakarta. The manuscript is written in the Pallava alphabet and the Sanskrit language. The replica of this manuscript can be seen in the Governor's Office in Samarinda.
Inscriptions on seven stone pillars (yupa posts) erected in the fifth century BCE on the command of a local ruler, King Mulavarman, records his victories, his generosity to brahmins, his princely genealogy.
Administration
East Kalimantan is divided into 10 regencies and 4 cities.
The regencies are:
- Pasir Regency (Tanah Grogot)
- Penajam Paser Utara Regency (Penajam)
- Kutai Kartanegara Regency (Tenggarong)
- West Kutai Regency (Sendawar)
- East Kutai Regency (Sangatta)
- Bulungan Regency (Tanjung Selor)
- Berau Regency (Tanjung Redeb)
- Malinau Regency (Malinau)
- Nunukan Regency (Nunukan)
- Tana Tidung Regency
- Balikpapan
- Samarinda
- Bontang
- Tarakan
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